Rows of painted winged faces with large dark eyes across a wooden ceiling.

Ceiling of Debre Birhan Selassie church, Gondar, Ethiopia. Photo: Rod Waddington, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Licence · Source

On this day: September 1 in African history

Real events, births and milestones from Africa and the diaspora.

This page was corrected in October 2026 · see what changed

Hamid Idris Awate and about eleven men attacked Ethiopian police at Mount Adal in the Barka lowla… Public Domain, Wikimedia Commons 1961

Hamid Idris Awate and about eleven men attacked Ethiopian police at Mount Adal in the Barka lowlands, the first shots of the Eritrean armed struggle. Awate died the following year. Eritrea became independent in 1993, and 1 September is kept as the anniversary of the start of the war.

Sources: Face2Face Africa ; African American Registry

Independence
1879

Sir Garnet Wolseley told about two hundred Zulu gathered at the British camp that Cetshwayo had been sent into exile and that Zululand would be ruled by thirteen chiefs appointed by the British.

Sources: Internet Archive ; South African Historical Journal

Politics