Sources

Every book and peer-reviewed source cited across Provenance Africa's researched articles and long-form histories, in one place. This list is generated directly from each article's own citations. Nothing here is curated separately from what's already sourced on the page it comes from. See how we source and verify information for how a book ends up cited at all.

Books

3 books cited across 3 articles.

• Barnaby Phillips, Loot: Britain and the Benin Bronzes (London: Oneworld, 2021), ISBN 978-1-78607-935-0

  Cited in article: 1897 and the Benin Bronzes

• Ivor Wilks, Asante in the Nineteenth Century: The Structure and Evolution of a Political Order (Cambridge University Press, 1975), ISBN 0-521-20463-1

  Cited in article: Britain and Asante at War, 1824-1900

• Larry Diamond, Class, Ethnicity and Democracy in Nigeria: The Failure of the First Republic (Basingstoke: Macmillan; Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1988), ISBN 0333394356

  Cited in article: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965

Peer-reviewed articles

From the academic bibliography behind Provenance Africa's long-form histories.

• Meriwether, James H. (2008). "'Worth a Lot of Negro Votes': Black Voters, Africa, and the 1960 Presidential Campaign." The Journal of American History 95(3): 737-763. abstract free

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos." The Journal of Modern African Studies 9(2): 297-305. DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X00024976.

  Cited in: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965

• Dubois, Laurent (2006). "An Enslaved Enlightenment: Rethinking the Intellectual History of the French Atlantic." Social History 31(1): 1-14. abstract free

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Gunsch, Kathryn Wysocki (2013). "Art and/or Ethnographica?: The Reception of Benin Works from 1897-1935." African Arts 46(4): 22-31. abstract free

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Featherstone, David (2013). "Black Internationalism, Subaltern Cosmopolitanism, and the Spatial Politics of Antifascism." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 103(6): 1406-1420. abstract free

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Ogot, Bethwell A. (2005). "Britain's Gulag." The Journal of African History 46(3): 493-505. abstract free

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Darwin, John (1984). "British Decolonisation since 1945: A Pattern or a Puzzle?." The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 12(2): 187-209. abstract free

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Von Eschen, Penny M. (1996). "Challenging Cold War Habits: African Americans, Race, and Foreign Policy." Diplomatic History 20(4): 627-638. abstract free

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Serra, Gerardo; Jerven, Morten (2021). "Contested Numbers: Census Controversies and the Press in 1960s Nigeria." The Journal of African History 62(2): 235-253. DOI: 10.1017/S0021853721000438.

  Cited in: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965

• Gibbs, David N. (1993). "Dag Hammarskjold, the United Nations, and the Congo Crisis of 1960-1: A Reinterpretation." The Journal of Modern African Studies 31(1): 163-174. abstract free

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Dudziak, Mary L. (1988). "Desegregation as a Cold War Imperative." Stanford Law Review 41(1): 61-120. abstract free

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Englebert, Pierre; Tarango, Stacy; Carter, Matthew (2002). "Dismemberment and Suffocation: A Contribution to the Debate on African Boundaries." Comparative Political Studies 35(10): 1093-1118. abstract free

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Mintz, Sidney W. (1996). "Enduring Substances, Trying Theories: The Caribbean Region as Oikoumene." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 2(2): 289-311. abstract free

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Suberu, Rotimi T. (2022). "Federalism and the First Republic of Nigeria, 1960-1966." The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian History : 377-398. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050092.013.25.

  Cited in: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965

• Roll, Jarod (2010). "Garveyism and the Eschatology of African Redemption in the Rural South, 1920-1936." Religion and American Culture 20(1): 27-56. abstract free

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Omer-Cooper, J. D. (1993). "Has the Mfecane a Future? A Response to the Cobbing Critique." Journal of Southern African Studies 19(2): 273-294. abstract free

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Aluko, S. A. (1965). "How Many Nigerians? An Analysis of Nigeria's Census Problems, 1901-63." The Journal of Modern African Studies 3(3): 371-392. DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X00006170.

  Cited in: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965

• Chirikure, Shadreck; Pikirayi, Innocent (2008). "Inside and Outside the Dry Stone Walls: Revisiting the Material Culture of Great Zimbabwe." Antiquity 82(318): 976-993. abstract free

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Watson, Ruth (2014). "Literacy as a Style of Life: Garveyism and Gentlemen in Colonial Ibadan." African Studies 73(1): 1-19. abstract free

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Mbughuni, Azaria (2014). "Malcolm X, the OAU Resolution of 1964, and Tanzania: Pan-African Connections in the Struggle Against Racial Discrimination." The Journal of Pan African Studies 7(5).

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Cooper, Frederick (1988). "Mau Mau and the Discourses of Decolonization." The Journal of African History 29(2): 313-320. abstract free

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Lewis, Joanna (2007). "Nasty, British and in Shorts? British Colonial Rule, Violence and the Historians of Mau Mau." The Round Table 96(2): 201-223. abstract free

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Paiva, Felipe (2018). "O mestre subterraneo: as afinidades eletivas entre Marcus Garvey e Kwame Nkrumah." Historia da Historiografia 11(28). DOI: 10.15848/hh.v11i28.1377.

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Adi, Hakim (2022). "Pan-Africanism and Internationalism in 1945." Revista Direito e Praxis 13(2): 830-860.

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Saunders, Christopher (2012). "Pan-Africanism: The Cape Town Case." Journal of Asian and African Studies 47(3): 291-300. abstract free

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Mackintosh, John P. (1963). "Politics in Nigeria: The Action Group Crisis of 1962." Political Studies 11(2): 126-155. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.1963.tb01055.x.

  Cited in: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965

• Nesbitt, Francis Njubi (2004). "Race for Sanctions: African Americans against Apartheid, 1946-1994." Indiana University Press (monograph; see books) undefined.

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Chevannes, Barry (1990). "Rastafari: Towards a New Approach." Nieuwe West-Indische Gids / New West Indian Guide 64(3/4): 127-148. abstract free

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Fleisher, Jeffrey (2010). "Rituals of Consumption and the Politics of Feasting on the Eastern African Coast, AD 700-1500." Journal of World Prehistory 23(3): 195-217. DOI: 10.1007/s10963-010-9041-3. abstract free

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Geggus, David (1989). "Sex Ratio, Age and Ethnicity in the Atlantic Slave Trade: Data from French Shipping and Plantation Records." The Journal of African History 30(1): 23-44. abstract free

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Eldredge, Elizabeth A. (1992). "Sources of Conflict in Southern Africa, c. 1800-30: The 'Mfecane' Reconsidered." The Journal of African History 33(1): 1-35. abstract free

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• LaViolette, Adria (2008). "Swahili Cosmopolitanism in Africa and the Indian Ocean World, A.D. 600-1500." Archaeologies 4(1): 24-49. abstract free

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Insoll, Timothy (1996). "The Archaeology of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review." Journal of World Prehistory 10(4): 439-504. abstract free

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Van Beurden, Sarah (2015). "The Art of (Re)Possession: Heritage and the Cultural Politics of Congo's Decolonization." The Journal of African History 56(1): 143-164. abstract free

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Horton, Mark et al. (2022). "The Chronology of Kilwa Kisiwani, AD 800-1500." African Archaeological Review 39(2): 143-166. abstract free

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Behrendt, Stephen D.; Eltis, David; Richardson, David (2001). "The Costs of Coercion: African Agency in the Pre-Modern Atlantic World." The Economic History Review 54(3): 454-476. abstract free

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Branch, Daniel (2007). "The Enemy Within: Loyalists and the War against Mau Mau in Kenya." The Journal of African History 48(2): 291-315. abstract free

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Peterson, Derek R. (2008). "The Intellectual Lives of Mau Mau Detainees." The Journal of African History 49(1): 73-91. abstract free

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Osborne, Myles (2010). "The Kamba and Mau Mau: Ethnicity, Development and Chiefship, 1952-1960." The International Journal of African Historical Studies 43(1): 63-88. abstract free

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Michalopoulos, Stelios; Papaioannou, Elias (2016). "The Long-Run Effects of the Scramble for Africa." American Economic Review 106(7): 1802-1848. abstract free

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Nunn, Nathan (2008). "The Long-Term Effects of Africa's Slave Trades." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 123(1): 139-176. DOI: 10.1162/qjec.2008.123.1.139. abstract free

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Cobbing, Julian (1988). "The Mfecane as Alibi: Thoughts on Dithakong and Mbolompo." The Journal of African History 29(3): 487-519. abstract free

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Hunwick, John O. (1973). "The Mid-Fourteenth Century Capital of Mali." The Journal of African History 14(2): 195-206. abstract free

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Throup, David (1985). "The Origins of Mau Mau." African Affairs 84(336): 399-433. abstract free

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Lovejoy, Paul E. (1978). "The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries." The Journal of African History 19(2): 173-193. DOI: 10.1017/S0021853700027584. abstract free

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Nunn, Nathan; Wantchekon, Leonard (2011). "The Slave Trade and the Origins of Mistrust in Africa." American Economic Review 101(7): 3221-3252. abstract free

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Spieler, Miranda (2009). "The Structure of Colonial Rule during the French Revolution." The William and Mary Quarterly 66(2): 365-408. abstract free

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Dunkley, D. A. (2013). "The Suppression of Leonard Howell in Late Colonial Jamaica, 1932-1954." Nieuwe West-Indische Gids / New West Indian Guide 87(1-2): 62-93.

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Eltis, David (2001). "The Volume and Structure of the Transatlantic Slave Trade: A Reassessment." The William and Mary Quarterly 58(1): 17-46. abstract free

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Garrigus, John D. (2011). "Vincent Oge Jeune (1757-91): Social Class and Free Colored Mobilization on the Eve of the Haitian Revolution." The Americas 68(1): 33-62. abstract free

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Geary, Adam (2011). "W. E. B. Du Bois' Ambiguous Politics of Liberation: Race, Marxism and Pan Africanism." Columbia Journal of Race and Law 1(3): 265-272. DOI: 10.7916/cjrl.v1i3.2261.

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Law, Robin; Mann, Kristin (1999). "West Africa in the Atlantic Community: The Case of the Slave Coast." The William and Mary Quarterly 56(2): 307-334. abstract free

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Fleisher, Jeffrey et al. (2015). "When Did the Swahili Become Maritime?." American Anthropologist 117(1): 100-115. abstract free

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

Academic books

Monographs and edited volumes behind Provenance Africa's long-form histories.

• Nwabueze, B. O. (1982). A Constitutional History of Nigeria. C. Hurst.

  Cited in: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965

• Thornton, John K. (2020). A History of West Central Africa to 1850. Cambridge University Press.

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Cooper, Frederick (2002). Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present. Cambridge University Press.

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Gomez, Michael A. (2018). African Dominion: A New History of Empire in Early and Medieval West Africa. Princeton University Press.

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Gaines, Kevin K. (2006). American Africans in Ghana: Black Expatriates and the Civil Rights Era. University of North Carolina Press.

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Wilks, Ivor (1975). Asante in the Nineteenth Century: The Structure and Evolution of a Political Order. Cambridge University Press.

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Eltis, David; Richardson, David (2010). Atlas of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Yale University Press.

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Dubois, Laurent (2004). Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution. Harvard University Press.

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Beckles, Hilary McD. (2013). Britain's Black Debt: Reparations for Caribbean Slavery and Native Genocide. University of the West Indies Press.

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Elkins, Caroline (2005). Britain's Gulag: The Brutal End of Empire in Kenya. Jonathan Cape.

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Diamond, Larry (1988). Class, Ethnicity and Democracy in Nigeria: The Failure of the First Republic. Macmillan; Syracuse University Press.

  Cited in: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965

• Dudziak, Mary L. (2000). Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy. Princeton University Press.

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, J. F. P. (1981). Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History. Cambridge University Press.

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Kirk-Greene, A. H. M. (1971). Crisis and Conflict in Nigeria: A Documentary Sourcebook, 1966-1970, vol. 1. Oxford University Press.

  Cited in: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965

• Gomez, Michael A. (1998). Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South. University of North Carolina Press.

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Phillipson, David W. (2012). Foundations of an African Civilisation: Aksum and the Northern Horn, 1000 BC-AD 1300. James Currey.

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• West, Michael O.; Martin, William G.; Wilkins, Fanon Che (2009). From Toussaint to Tupac: The Black International since the Age of Revolution. University of North Carolina Press.

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Anderson, David (2005). Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Fanon, Frantz (1961). Les Damnes de la Terre (The Wretched of the Earth). Francois Maspero.

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Nkrumah, Kwame (1965). Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism. Thomas Nelson & Sons.

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Adi, Hakim (2018). Pan-Africanism: A History. Bloomsbury Academic.

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Young, Crawford (1965). Politics in the Congo: Decolonization and Independence. Princeton University Press.

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Von Eschen, Penny M. (1997). Race against Empire: Black Americans and Anticolonialism, 1937-1957. Cornell University Press.

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Smallwood, Stephanie E. (2007). Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora. Harvard University Press.

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Trouillot, Michel-Rolph (1995). Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History. Beacon Press.

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• Post, Kenneth; Vickers, Michael (1973). Structure and Conflict in Nigeria, 1960-1966. Heinemann Educational; University of Wisconsin Press.

  Cited in: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965

• Adi, Hakim; Sherwood, Marika (1995). The 1945 Manchester Pan-African Congress Revisited. New Beacon Books.

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Gilroy, Paul (1993). The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Harvard University Press.

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• James, C. L. R. (1938). The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution. Secker & Warburg (repr. Penguin, 2001).

  Cited in: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and the Americas: A History

• de St. Jorre, John (1972). The Brothers' War: Biafra and Nigeria. Houghton Mifflin.

  Cited in: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965

• Hicks, Dan (2020). The Brutish Museums: The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution. Pluto Press.

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Kirk-Greene, A. H. M. (1975). The Genesis of the Nigerian Civil War and the Theory of Fear. Scandinavian Institute of African Studies.

  Cited in: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965

• Torok, Laszlo (1997). The Kingdom of Kush: Handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic Civilization. Brill.

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Miners, N. J. (1971). The Nigerian Army 1956-1966. Methuen.

  Cited in: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965

• Luckham, Robin (1971). The Nigerian Military: A Sociological Analysis of Authority and Revolt, 1960-67. Cambridge University Press.

  Cited in: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965

• Whitaker, C. S. (1970). The Politics of Tradition: Continuity and Change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966. Princeton University Press.

  Cited in: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965

• Edwards, Brent Hayes (2003). The Practice of Diaspora: Literature, Translation, and the Rise of Black Internationalism. Harvard University Press.

  Cited in: Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement: A Shared Freedom Struggle

• Meredith, Martin (2005). The State of Africa: A History of Fifty Years of Independence. Free Press.

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Wynne-Jones, Stephanie; LaViolette, Adria (2018). The Swahili World. Routledge.

  Cited in: African Kingdoms & Empires: The Great States of Precolonial Africa

• Cabral, Amilcar (1979). Unity and Struggle: Speeches and Writings. Monthly Review Press.

  Cited in: Independence Movements & Decolonization: How Africa Broke Free from Colonial Rule

• Anifowose, R. A. (1982). Violence and Politics in Nigeria: The Tiv and Yoruba Experience. Nok Publishers.

  Cited in: Regions, Census and Elections: Nigeria's Road to Crisis, 1945-1965