On this day: January 30 in African history

The African National Party was founded in Chad through the merger of several traditionalist political parties ahead of independence.

Sources: Nations Encyclopedia (Gale) ; country-studies.com (Library of Congress, Chad: A Country Study) ; Encyclopaedia Britannica

Paul Seymour, CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons

Kenya Airways Flight 431, an Airbus A310, crashed into the Atlantic shortly after a night take-off from Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Of the 179 people aboard, 169 died and 10 survived. Investigators traced it to a false stall warning and the crew's response to it.

Sources: Aviation Safety Network ; Commission of Inquiry, Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, with the French BEA (English edition), hosted by Ireland's Air Accident Investigation Unit

Public Domain, Wikimedia Commons

Max Theiler, South African-American virologist who won the Nobel Prize for developing the yellow fever vaccine, was born (died 1972).

Sources: Nobel Foundation (NobelPrize.org) ; Singapore Medical Journal (National Library of Medicine, PMC)

SWinxy, CC BY 4.0, Wikimedia Commons

Tyla, South African singer-songwriter who blends amapiano with pop and R&B, was born.

Sources: Encyclopaedia Britannica ; AllMusic

Titina Silá, Bissau-Guinean revolutionary and PAIGC commander who fought for independence from Portugal, was killed at age 29.

Sources: Expresso ; PANAPress (Pan African News Agency)

Gamal al-Banna, Egyptian author and Islamic scholar known for progressive reinterpretations of Islamic law, died at age 92.

Sources: Egypt Independent ; Ahram Online

Nongalaza's army, fighting for Mpande, defeated Dingane's forces under Ndlela at Maqongqo. Lesniewski puts both armies at about 5,000 and Ndlela's losses at over 1,000 killed, with some 1,200 wounded among Nongalaza's men.

Sources: Brill ; Jonathan Ball Publishers